Metallurgy of iron and steel.



'th the estivi Lomi N .md

that amount or about 1.95% of combined carbon. If pulveized coke is employed for carburization purposes a somewhat greater percentage is required tov eifect the same re-l sult. By this simplemethod any desired -percentage of combined carbon may be introduced into 'the steel during the process of reducing the ore from which the same is made.

The ore-chargeliaving been prepared in the manner hereinbefore described may be placed (with heat in anyconvenient manner or in any convenient form 'of furnace wherein vit is practicable to create and maintain a heat equal to or somewhat higher than the melting point of steel. Or the prepared orecharg'e may be packed into or suitably placed within the .hearth of a furnace such as a Siemens open hearth regenerative furnace, .fired by gas. The hearth of such furnace should be provided with a suitable: re#

f tion chieiiy upon the temperature to which v4.thereinjbeing entirely at the A,command-fof the ore has been subjected during or after Ireduction and whether such temperature has beenhigh enough to inelt the reduced iron or otherwisel 0r (3) instead of iron there may be produced a fine and uniform quality of steel', which may either have the character of mild steel, low in carbon, or of crucible or tool steel, high in carbon,` the percentage of combined carbon contained ,the operator. Y

If'it is required to produce steel containing various other metals desirable as alloys, a suitable mixture of ores containing the metals required in the desired proportions may be brought together in the ore charge and the requisiteisteel alloy will, ii.` ymost cases result from the one operation.

In some cases either for the purposes of iron or steel production the action of th'e cellulose carbo-hydrate reducing agent mayv be augmented by the addition toftheore-l a small percentage of finely.

Ycharge of ground carbon such as coke 0r charcoal which may or may not be intimately mixed therewith. If the same be not intimately mixed with the ore it may be rendered plastic by-` association with water and a suitable lining thereto.

in any suitable receptacle or 'vessel or without a cover) and subjected to` carbo-hydrate and introduced into the receptacle or furnace hearth as a temporary Although itis usually desirable that the ores to be treated should be in a fine state of division, the application of this process may not'be'limited thereto; but an orecharge may be prepared in the manner heifeinbefore indicated with ores iii a state of division comparatively fine, Such las ores which may not have been crushed to uniform l. fineness or may not have been screened after' crushing, so that portions thereof may have been rendered as line as sand and other portions -may remain in quarter inch lumps or coarser.

4 Claims.

1.l A process of producing iron and steel directly from iron ores which consists in intimately associating a cellulose carbo-hydrate with the ore, and heating the charge to effect its reduction.

2. A process of producing iron or steel directly from ore which involves mixing with the ore water and a cellulose carbohydrate reducing agent, aiid heating the charge to effect its reduction.

3. A process of producing iron or steel -directly from ore which consists in mixing with the ore a cellulose carbo-hydrate associated with sufficient water to bring thesame into'intimate contact with the ore, and heating the charge thus prepared to eli'ect its reduction.

4. A process of producing iron or steel dleCtly from ore which consists 4in mixing with the ore a Cellulose carbo-hydrate reducing agent in the forni of a pulp associated with sufficient water to bfi-ing the Home into intimate contact with thelore., and heating the charge thus prepared to effect its reduction.'A

The herein described art of producing iron or steel directly from ore which consists in intimately associating with the ore a "carbonaceons substance consisting of a celluvlose carbo-hydrate or a compound in which cellulose carbo-hydrates predominate, and heating the charge to effect its reductiong 6. A. process of manufacturing steel directly fr'oin iron ores whereby the carbnrization thereof may be so effected and controlled that a uniform quality of steel containing any desired percentage of combined carbon may be produced, which consists in associating a suitable cellulose carbo-hydrate reducing agent and an effective carburizing carbon with the ore, and subjecting the charge thus prepared to heat toei'ect its reduction and carburization.

7. An improvement in the art of producing iron or steel direct-ly from ores which .consists in associating a suitable cellulose theireduction of ores and the purification and, improvement of themetal.

a suitable quantity of nely'divided dioX'id of manganese thoroughly'mixed with the ore charge, and' a suitable slagging or fluxjing material to form a liquid sla under heat, and subjectm the'ore ehargeft us, prepared to heat su cient tow cause the reac'- tions te take place and toefeet 'thei reduction' of the vore and the purification of the metal.- V 9. A pocess of manufacturing steel di' rectjly from ore .whiclrnnsists in providing an ore charge containing the Ere .1n a compara-tively fine state of divisi0n,`an "eilig-nent'v cellulose carbo-hydrate reducing agent asso' ciated with suflicient Water to bringthe samei'nto intimate contact with the particles; of

ore under treatment, a finely4 ground carl-1 .30 iluxing material to -form under heat a llquld burizing'carbon in` proportions adequate toV effect carburization, a suitable 4quantity of' manganese dioxid tlioroughl mixed with thei`.ore charge,and a suitab e slagging or slag, and subjecting the ore' 'char e thus prepared to heat suiic'ientto cause t eieactlns iron ores to metallic iron, Whichj\c `to'takeplace; and vto effect the reduction,

purification and arburization; o-.the metal at oneoperation.

10'. The method o r processof reducing preparing an ore-charge con a); suitable oe ma fine or@ azcontinkratiyel, line onsists lin' with suiiicient Water to bring the same into under treatment (c) -a suitable quantity of inelyj lground dioxidof manganese' thoroughly `mixed with the orecharge and' (d) vsuitable slagging or 'fluxing materafi-ls to ing such mixture to a heat su cient to effect the reduction of the ore and the purlticatlon Jforth. l 11. The method or process of manufactur- -1n preparing an ore-eharg 'containing (a)n suitable ore v1n a nep'r' a eoniparativel fine 1 state of divisonb) an eiiicient `ce` ulose carbo-hydrate reducing. agent.` A` associated effect the carburizatlon required an a suitje'eting such mixture to ,a heat'su ient'to burization of the .metal at one'. operation stantially as'hereinbefore set forth.

Witnesses.' i '1 HOWARDSOVIATT. "Witnesses: f' H. D. Jamscny."

F. L. RANDS."

under the conditions and in the manner In ltestimony whereof'we have hereunto set nur .h'ands'm presence of two ycarbo-hydrateA reducing agent associated` "intimate contact with the particles of ore form-funder'heat, a liquid sla `yand subject o'f` the metal, underthe conditions and in the manner-substantially as' hereinbefore set ing steel directly from orewliichjconslsts .so with sufficient water' to'bring the same into intimate Contact lwith .the particles. of GF6 ,-ig under treatment- (c)' a-,finely ground Cari- 1 'burizing carbon in proportions ad uate to' able quantity o f manganese .-dioxid, both v'thoroughly mixed with -the orecharge and' (d) suitable slagging or fluxing materials to forni, under heat, a liquid slag; and S11b- '10.l eect the reduction, purification and calf-f I r WILLIAM SEIRS S-IMrsonr- 

